In Focus at Cannes: How Rs 2 Made These Gujarat Farmers Producers of a World Classic

As the latest edition of the Cannes Film Festival (May 14-25) opens this week, the delegates will get to watch two Indian films -- the Payal Kapadia-directed All We Imagine As Light and Shyam Benegal-directed Manthan (The Churning) (1976). While the former is being screened in the competition category, the other one has secured a spot among the classics.

So, what makes "Manthan" a timeless classic? We must say everything. From the cast to cinematography and music, it was one gem of a movie to come out of Benegal's directorial kitty. What makes it even more special is that the actual producers of the movie were poor rural farmers from the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd, five lakh of them, who contributed Rs 2 each from their pockets for the making of the film. Never in their dreams would they have thought that this venture of theirs would go on to become a world classic vying for top spots at premier film festivals like the Cannes.

"Manthan" will be screened under the Cannes Classics selection after a year-long restoration of its print by the Film Heritage Foundation (FHF) at Prasad Corporation’s studios in Chennai, and L’Immagine Ritrovata Laboratory, in association with Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. It was restored using the 35 mm original camera negative preserved at the NFDC-National Film Archive of India and the sound was digitised from the 35 mm release print, preserved at FHF.

Through "Manthan", Benegal explores the caste system, class conflict and gender dynamics in the 1970s' rural India. It delves deep into the heart of rural India, weaving a poignant narrative that encapsulates the struggles, aspirations, and resilience of its people. This masterpiece of Indian cinema transcends mere storytelling to become a powerful reflection of societal dynamics and the winds of change sweeping through the countryside.

Set against the backdrop of the milk cooperative movement in Gujarat during the 1970s, "Manthan" is a compelling portrayal of grassroots activism and community empowerment. The film follows the journey of Dr. Rao (played impeccably by Girish Karnad), a visionary who rallies the local villagers to embrace the cooperative model and establish their dairy cooperative.

At its core, "Manthan" is a celebration of collective action and the transformative power of unity. As the villagers come together to challenge the exploitative practices of the local dairy industry, they confront entrenched hierarchies and vested interests, paving the way for a brighter future.

One of the film's greatest strengths lies in its authenticity and attention to detail. From the rustic charm of the village landscapes to the nuances of everyday life, Benegal paints a vivid picture of rural India that feels both timeless and relevant. The performances are uniformly outstanding, with the ensemble cast breathing life into characters that are both relatable and inspiring.

While "Manthan" is undeniably a social commentary on the agricultural landscape of India, it transcends the boundaries of its setting to explore universal themes of hope, perseverance, and the indomitable human spirit. The narrative strikes a delicate balance between drama and realism, offering moments of levity amidst the overarching sense of struggle and triumph. The cinematography by Govind Nihalani captures the raw beauty of the countryside, while Vanraj Bhatia's evocative score adds depth and emotion to the storytelling. Together, they create a cinematic experience that lingers long after the credits roll.

We must say that "Manthan" is truly a cinematic gem that deserves to be celebrated for its artistry, relevance, and profound humanity. It serves as a poignant reminder of the power of collective action and the enduring quest for social justice. And true to its spirit, all it took was a Rs 2 contribution each by the people, for the people.